Page 103 - GRIHA Manual Volume II - Introduction to National Rating System
P. 103
Sustainable site planning 95
Microspray
Microspray is delivered through micro-tubing to a series of nozzles attached to risers. These risers
may be fixed or designed to pop up. In either case, it is easy to see that they are functioning,
eliminating the most commonly voiced complaint about drip irrigation. It provides many of the
same benefits as drip irrigation with a few exceptions. It uses fewer litres per minute than the single
spray rotaries. Spray irrigation systems use low-flow rate emitters to distribute water around the
emitter. With these systems, water is typically applied at rates of 40 - 80 litres per hour over a radius
of 2.5 - 5.5 m, from one emitter per tree. The popularity of these systems results from their ability to
distribute water in a lateral direction and over a significant fraction of the crop root zone. Since water
is sprayed in very small droplets, some evaporation and wind drift losses may occur. Wind distortion
of spray patterns may also occur. Thus, application efficiencies of these systems are typically less
than those of drip or line source types of micro-irrigation systems, but application efficiency can be
considerably less if these systems are operated on hot, dry, windy days.
Multiple sprinkler
There are several types of portable sprinklers, and each type is best suited to certain lawn shapes
and landscape configurations. The simplest type is the sprinkler hose, which is suitable for long,
narrow areas. The sprinkler hose contains tiny holes along its top side which emit a fine, soaking
mist. The other four lawn sprinkler variations are attached to garden hoses. A turret sprinkler
consists of multiple sprinkler heads that spray circular or rectangular patterns of varying widths and
lengths. An oscillating sprinkler features an oscillating spray bar that evenly douses a rectangular
area. The spray bar can be set to water both sides of the sprinkler or either side of the sprinkler. A
pulsating sprinkler sprays water in a circular pattern with an adjustable arc of coverage. A travelling
sprinkler waters a long, rectangular area, using its hose to guide and track its direction of travel.
These sprinklers work best on a hill or slope where less water is required and reduced run-off is
desired. They are also used in other parts of the landscape but do not work as well as the single spray
rotaries because they put out less water. Rotor-type sprinklers (most often simply called ‘rotors’) are
used for larger areas (generally more than 6 m in width).
Figure 2 Sprinkler system
Microspray
Microspray is delivered through micro-tubing to a series of nozzles attached to risers. These risers
may be fixed or designed to pop up. In either case, it is easy to see that they are functioning,
eliminating the most commonly voiced complaint about drip irrigation. It provides many of the
same benefits as drip irrigation with a few exceptions. It uses fewer litres per minute than the single
spray rotaries. Spray irrigation systems use low-flow rate emitters to distribute water around the
emitter. With these systems, water is typically applied at rates of 40 - 80 litres per hour over a radius
of 2.5 - 5.5 m, from one emitter per tree. The popularity of these systems results from their ability to
distribute water in a lateral direction and over a significant fraction of the crop root zone. Since water
is sprayed in very small droplets, some evaporation and wind drift losses may occur. Wind distortion
of spray patterns may also occur. Thus, application efficiencies of these systems are typically less
than those of drip or line source types of micro-irrigation systems, but application efficiency can be
considerably less if these systems are operated on hot, dry, windy days.
Multiple sprinkler
There are several types of portable sprinklers, and each type is best suited to certain lawn shapes
and landscape configurations. The simplest type is the sprinkler hose, which is suitable for long,
narrow areas. The sprinkler hose contains tiny holes along its top side which emit a fine, soaking
mist. The other four lawn sprinkler variations are attached to garden hoses. A turret sprinkler
consists of multiple sprinkler heads that spray circular or rectangular patterns of varying widths and
lengths. An oscillating sprinkler features an oscillating spray bar that evenly douses a rectangular
area. The spray bar can be set to water both sides of the sprinkler or either side of the sprinkler. A
pulsating sprinkler sprays water in a circular pattern with an adjustable arc of coverage. A travelling
sprinkler waters a long, rectangular area, using its hose to guide and track its direction of travel.
These sprinklers work best on a hill or slope where less water is required and reduced run-off is
desired. They are also used in other parts of the landscape but do not work as well as the single spray
rotaries because they put out less water. Rotor-type sprinklers (most often simply called ‘rotors’) are
used for larger areas (generally more than 6 m in width).
Figure 2 Sprinkler system
